Human Development & Quality of Life in Eswatini
Human Development
UNDP places Eswatini at rank 126 with a 2023 HDI of 0.695, a medium human development result. Reading beyond the headline, the health component is anchored by life expectancy of 64.1 years. A second lens is equally relevant here: The income component uses GNI per capita of $9,919 in 2021 PPP dollars.
What sits inside Eswatini's HDI
For the current profile, the UNDP inputs behind Eswatini's HDI are 64.1 for life expectancy, 15.2 for expected years of schooling, 8.7 for mean years of schooling and $9,919 GNI per capita in 2021 PPP dollars. These figures show what sits behind the composite score.
Inequality changes the headline
Eswatini's IHDI adjusts the headline index for inequality in health, education and income outcomes. It describes distribution, so it is not used here as a quality-of-life rating.
Gender and planetary-pressure adjustments
When reading this profile, Eswatini has additional UNDP measures of GDI 0.964, GII 0.484. They complement one another, but none is treated as a substitute for another.
Quality-of-life coverage is conditional
A comparable life-satisfaction observation was not available in the OECD extract used for Eswatini. No value is inferred when the underlying source does not publish one.
What Eswatini's numbers say together
Eswatini's additional indicators read as IHDI 0.431 with a 38.0% loss; GDI 0.964. Their scopes differ, which is why the page presents them side by side rather than blending them.
For the current profile, the headline UNDP result for Eswatini is HDI 0.695, rank 126, for 2023. Broader quality-of-life indicators remain outside that index. When the indicator is reused, do not infer an unstated comparison because the surrounding measures answer different questions.
The IHDI is 0.431, and UNDP reports an overall loss of 38.0% relative to the headline index.
The GDI value is 0.964 in group 2; it should be read alongside, not merged into, HDI.
Frequently asked questions
What is Eswatini's HDI?
For the 2023 observation year, UNDP reports HDI 0.695 and rank 126 for Eswatini.
How does inequality affect Eswatini's HDI?
IHDI for Eswatini is 0.431 in the 2023 table. That represents a 38.0% reduction from the headline development index.
Why is there no life satisfaction score on this page?
Quality-of-life data for Eswatini appear only when the page can tie the value to a comparable source and year. No proxy is inserted for a value the source does not report.
Is HDI the same as quality of life?
No. HDI has three core dimensions: health, knowledge and standard of living. Quality-of-life evidence is presented alongside HDI only when a comparable observation is available.
Sources & methodology
Sources for the development indicators and definitions shown above.
View sources used for this page
Primary source for 2023 HDI and its components, plus IHDI, GDI, GII and PHDI where reported.
Report edition underlying the 2023 human-development indices and ranking.
Data note: Reference years are shown with each indicator; unavailable observations remain unfilled.