Population and Demographics of Cuba
Population declining at 0.36% in 2024 · 16.57% aged 65 or older
At 1.4 children per woman, fertility adds context to a population in which 68.14% are aged 15 to 64. By 2050, the medium path points to 9.38 million, equivalent to a -14.6% change from the 2024 estimate.
Population Over Time in Cuba
Over the 24 years from 2000 to 2024, Cuba lost roughly 0.13 million people, leaving the 2024 total at 10.980M. The UN medium projection places 2050 at 9.382M, about 14.6% below the 2024 reference point. The chart connects dated reference points only and should not be read as an annual interpolated series.
Age Structure and Sex Balance
The balance between children, working-age adults and older residents gives Cuba a maturing age profile. Children under 15 account for 15.29% of residents, people 65+ for 16.57%, and the 15 to 64 group for 68.14%. The youngest and oldest broad age groups are relatively close in size.
Population by broad age group
In the World Bank 2024 series, females account for 50.7% of Cuba's population and males 49.3%. Females exceed males by 1.4 percentage points.
Female and male population share
Females made up 50.7% of the population in the World Bank's 2024 series, compared with 49.3% males.
What Is Shaping Population Change
Cuba's 2024 demographic snapshot includes -0.36% annual change plus fertility of 1.4, with younger residents at 15.29% and older residents at 16.57% of the total.
Population change before the projection period is -1.2% for Cuba between 2000 and 2024, while the medium scenario adds a -14.6% change between 2024 and 2050; no specific birth, death or migration contribution is inferred from that total.
2024 estimate for Cuba. The world comparison value is 2.25 children per woman.
Cuba vs. World
Using one 2024 comparison table keeps the context consistent. Cuba's population change is lower than the global rate, fertility is below the global level, and its population is older than the world median-age profile.
| Indicator | Cuba | World | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annual population change | -0.36% | +0.87% | 2024 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.4 | 2.25 | 2024 |
| Median age | 42 | 30.6 | 2024 |
For comparability, the growth, fertility and median-age rows are kept to the same 2024 harmonized dataset, which cites UN World Population Prospects 2024 as its demographic source.
Key Takeaways
At 10.980M, the 2024 population is paired with an annual change rate of -0.36%.
The 2024 age structure is 15.29% under 15, 68.14% aged 15 to 64 and 16.57% aged 65 or older.
Females make up 50.7% of the 2024 population in the World Bank indicator, with males at 49.3%.
The 2050 medium projection is 9.382M, 14.6% below the 2024 estimate.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the population of Cuba?
The 2024 harmonized population estimate for Cuba is 10,979,783 people.
Is the population of Cuba growing or declining?
In the 2024 estimate, Cuba's population is declining, with annual change of -0.36%.
What percentage of the population of Cuba is aged 65 or older?
People aged 65 or older account for 16.57% of Cuba's 2024 population in the UN WPP-based broad age data.
What is the projected population of Cuba in 2050?
The UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium projection puts Cuba's 2050 population at 9,381,999.
What is the fertility rate in Cuba?
The 2024 harmonized fertility estimate for Cuba is 1.4 children per woman.
Sources & methodology
This profile uses United Nations World Population Prospects 2024 as the primary framework for globally comparable population, age, fertility and projection data. The World Bank is the primary source for the female population share. Some country values were accessed through secondary retrieval interfaces that republish or organize UN data; those interfaces are identified below as secondary and are not treated as the original statistical publishers.
View sources used for this page
Primary global framework for the population estimates and projections.
Harmonized 2024 country table based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Harmonized broad age shares based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Harmonized reference for the 2000 population point.
Harmonized 2050 country projection based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Used for the 2024 female share; the male share is calculated as the remainder to 100%.