Population and Demographics of Poland
Population declining at 0.58% in 2024 · 20.14% aged 65 or older
Poland's demographic profile combines -0.58% annual change with fertility of 1.3, while the youngest and oldest broad age groups account for 14.81% and 20.14%. Under the UN medium scenario, the 2050 total is 32.81 million, a 14.9% decrease from 2024.
Population Over Time in Poland
The 2000 to 2024 record shows Poland moving from 38.258M people to 38.539M, a 0.7% increase. Looking ahead, the medium projection points to 32.814M in 2050, 14.9% lower than the 2024 level. The chart connects dated reference points only and should not be read as an annual interpolated series.
Age Structure and Sex Balance
The age distribution adds important context to Poland's 2024 population total and points to an older profile. At 20.14%, the 65-and-older group is larger than the 14.81% share under 15, with 65.05% aged 15 to 64. Older adults outnumber children in these broad age bands.
Population by broad age group
In the World Bank 2024 series, females account for 51.6% of Poland's population and males 48.4%. Females exceed males by 3.2 percentage points.
Female and male population share
Females made up 51.6% of the population in the World Bank's 2024 series, compared with 48.4% males.
What Is Shaping Population Change
Poland records -0.58% annual population change in 2024 and 1.3 children per woman, as the working-age group accounts for 65.05% of the population.
The 24-year population path to 2024 amounts to +0.7% for Poland, while the medium scenario adds a -14.9% change between 2024 and 2050; no specific birth, death or migration contribution is inferred from that total.
2024 estimate for Poland. The world comparison value is 2.25 children per woman.
Poland vs. World
The world comparison highlights three contrasts for Poland. Annual change is -0.58% versus +0.87% globally, fertility is 1.3 versus 2.25, and median age is 42 versus 30.6 years.
| Indicator | Poland | World | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annual population change | -0.58% | +0.87% | 2024 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.3 | 2.25 | 2024 |
| Median age | 42 | 30.6 | 2024 |
Same-year comparability takes priority here. Growth, fertility and median age are all taken from the 2024 harmonized table for both Poland and the world.
Key Takeaways
At 38.539M, the 2024 population is paired with an annual change rate of -0.58%.
The 2024 age structure is 14.81% under 15, 65.05% aged 15 to 64 and 20.14% aged 65 or older.
The World Bank 2024 sex-share series is 51.6% female and 48.4% male.
The 2050 medium projection is 32.814M, 14.9% below the 2024 estimate.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the population of Poland?
The 2024 harmonized population estimate for Poland is 38,539,201 people.
Is the population of Poland growing or declining?
In the 2024 estimate, Poland's population is declining, with annual change of -0.58%.
What percentage of the population of Poland is aged 65 or older?
People aged 65 or older account for 20.14% of Poland's 2024 population in the UN WPP-based broad age data.
What is the projected population of Poland in 2050?
The UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium projection puts Poland's 2050 population at 32,814,096.
What is the fertility rate in Poland?
The 2024 harmonized fertility estimate for Poland is 1.3 children per woman.
Sources & methodology
This profile uses United Nations World Population Prospects 2024 as the primary framework for globally comparable population, age, fertility and projection data. The World Bank is the primary source for the female population share. Some country values were accessed through secondary retrieval interfaces that republish or organize UN data; those interfaces are identified below as secondary and are not treated as the original statistical publishers.
View sources used for this page
Primary global framework for the population estimates and projections.
Harmonized 2024 country table based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Harmonized broad age shares based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Harmonized reference for the 2000 population point.
Harmonized 2050 country projection based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Used for the 2024 female share; the male share is calculated as the remainder to 100%.