Population and Demographics of Spain
Population broadly stable in 2024 · median age 45 years
The fertility estimate of 1.2 should be read with the age profile, where 12.92% are children and 21.15% are older adults. Under the UN medium scenario, the 2050 total is 44.93 million, a 6.2% decrease from 2024.
Population Over Time in Spain
A longer view puts Spain at 41.020M in 2000 and 47.911M in 2024. That works out to a 16.8% gain. The central 2050 projection is 44.929M, implying a -6.2% change from 2024 if that path is realized. The chart connects dated reference points only and should not be read as an annual interpolated series.
Age Structure and Sex Balance
Age composition is an important part of Spain's demographic picture in 2024. Older adults represent 21.15% of residents and children under 15 represent 12.92%; the broad working-age group makes up 65.93%. Older adults outnumber children in these broad age bands.
Population by broad age group
Spain's 2024 population is 50.9% female and 49.1% male in the World Bank series. Females exceed males by 1.8 percentage points.
Female and male population share
Females made up 50.9% of the population in the World Bank's 2024 series, compared with 49.1% males.
What Is Shaping Population Change
The short-run measure for Spain is +0.00% population change in 2024, alongside fertility of 1.2, while 12.92% are children, 65.93% are 15 to 64 and 21.15% are older adults.
Across the historical reference points, Spain moved +16.8% from 2000 to 2024, followed by a medium projection that is -6.2% different in 2050; this describes the trajectory without guessing at migration or natural increase.
2024 estimate for Spain. The world comparison value is 2.25 children per woman.
Spain vs. World
Relative to the 2024 world benchmarks, Spain's population change is lower than the global rate, its fertility is below the global level, and its population is older than the corresponding global median-age profile.
| Indicator | Spain | World | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annual population change | 0% | +0.87% | 2024 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.2 | 2.25 | 2024 |
| Median age | 45 | 30.6 | 2024 |
No national-only figure is inserted into this world comparison. The country and global values share the same 2024 table and source context.
Key Takeaways
The 2024 total is 47,910,526 people. Annual change in the same harmonized table is +0.00%.
Age structure is a key feature of the profile: 12.92% are under 15 and 21.15% are 65 or older.
The 2024 female and male shares are 50.9% and 49.1% respectively.
The 2050 medium projection is 44.929M, 6.2% below the 2024 estimate.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the population of Spain?
The 2024 harmonized population estimate for Spain is 47,910,526 people.
Is the population of Spain growing or declining?
In the 2024 estimate, Spain's population is broadly stable, with annual change of +0.00%.
What percentage of the population of Spain is aged 65 or older?
People aged 65 or older account for 21.15% of Spain's 2024 population in the UN WPP-based broad age data.
What is the projected population of Spain in 2050?
The UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium projection puts Spain's 2050 population at 44,928,558.
What is the fertility rate in Spain?
The 2024 harmonized fertility estimate for Spain is 1.2 children per woman.
Sources & methodology
This profile uses United Nations World Population Prospects 2024 as the primary framework for globally comparable population, age, fertility and projection data. The World Bank is the primary source for the female population share. Some country values were accessed through secondary retrieval interfaces that republish or organize UN data; those interfaces are identified below as secondary and are not treated as the original statistical publishers.
View sources used for this page
Primary global framework for the population estimates and projections.
Harmonized 2024 country table based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Harmonized broad age shares based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Harmonized reference for the 2000 population point.
Harmonized 2050 country projection based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Used for the 2024 female share; the male share is calculated as the remainder to 100%.