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Languages

Languages of India

New DelhiLocal time

Languages, writing systems and language context

भारत
COUNTRY LANGUAGE PROFILE
हिन्दी
Hindi
Text direction: LTR

India combines Union-level use of Hindi and English with a constitutionally recognized Eighth Schedule of 22 languages and extensive state-level language policy.

2
Core languages shown
Country-level reference set
Hindi
First listed core language
Not a speaker-share estimate
2
Writing systems represented
Across the core language set
LTR
Primary text direction
Additional directions noted below

Language Overview

HindiEnglish

Read the Characters

Hindi · 46 characters

Hindi · 46 characters
अ
a
आ
aa
इ
i
ई
ii
उ
u
ऊ
uu
ऋ
r
ए
e
ऐ
ai
ओ
o
औ
au
क
k
ख
kh
ग
g
घ
gh
ङ
ng
च
c
छ
ch
ज
j
झ
jh
ञ
ny
ट
tt
ठ
tth
ड
dd
ढ
ddh
ण
nn
त
t
थ
th
द
d
ध
dh
न
n
प
p
फ
ph
ब
b
भ
bh
म
m
य
y
र
r
ल
l
व
v
श
sh
ष
ss
स
s
ह
h
ड़
dd'
ढ़
ddh'

How to Read the Language Landscape

PolicyLegal and administrative language status may differ between national and subnational government.
Everyday useA language can be socially dominant without being the only language used at home, school, work or in media.
Community diversityIndigenous, minority, migrant and sign languages can remain important even when they are not part of a short national headline list.

Frequently Asked Questions

What languages are used in India?

India combines Union-level use of Hindi and English with a constitutionally recognized Eighth Schedule of 22 languages and extensive state-level language policy.

What writing systems are used in India?

The represented writing system is Devanagari, Latin and the primary direction shown is left to right.

More about India

Explore India across the other DigifyWorld country-data sections.

Public HolidaysPublic holidays 2026 and 2027→Digital AdoptionInternet, payments and digital government→Population & DemographicsPopulation, age structure and projections→Economy SnapshotGDP, trade and economic structure→Currency & ExchangeCurrency, exchange rates and money→Human DevelopmentHDI and quality-of-life indicators→Geography & EnvironmentLand, climate and environment→Practical Country InfoTime, driving, electricity and codes→EducationSchool system and education data→

Sources & methodology

View sources used for this page
Government of India: Constitutional provisions on official language

Primary government source for Union official-language provisions, including Article 343 and related constitutional rules.

Census of India: Language Atlas 2011

Official census source for India's recorded language landscape; census measures are kept separate from legal language status.

Unicode CLDR: Country/Region Names

Localized country display-name reference. CLDR names are customary UI/display names, not claims about a state’s full constitutional long-form name.

Unicode: Supported Scripts

Reference for the writing-system/script families represented in the character component.

Unicode: Writing Direction and Bidirectional Text

Reference for left-to-right and right-to-left script direction and bidirectional text behavior.

Unicode Character Database: NamesList

Reference for Unicode character names used as small readout labels under selected character samples; these labels are not presented as a complete transliteration standard.