Population and Demographics of Mongolia
Population changed +1.27% in 2024 · median age 27 years
Broad age groups reinforce that picture: 32.19% are under 15, 62.67% are 15 to 64, and 5.14% are 65 or older. Under the UN medium scenario, the 2050 total is 4.5 million, a 29.5% increase from 2024.
Population Over Time in Mongolia
Over the 24 years from 2000 to 2024, Mongolia added roughly 1.02 million people, leaving the 2024 total at 3.476M. Looking ahead, the medium projection points to 4.501M in 2050, 29.5% higher than the 2024 level. The chart connects dated reference points only and should not be read as an annual interpolated series.
Age Structure and Sex Balance
Broad age shares place Mongolia in a young demographic position in 2024. The youngest broad age group represents 32.19% of residents, against 5.14% in the 65+ group; the working-age band is 62.67%. The age balance is weighted toward younger residents.
Population by broad age group
The 2024 World Bank sex-share indicator gives Mongolia a female share of 50.1% and a male share of 49.9%. The split is close to even.
Female and male population share
The World Bank's 2024 series shows a nearly even sex balance: 50.1% female and 49.9% male.
What Is Shaping Population Change
Mongolia's 2024 demographic snapshot includes +1.27% annual change plus fertility of 2.6, with the youngest broad age group at 32.19% and the oldest at 5.14%.
Population change before the projection period is +41.6% for Mongolia between 2000 and 2024, and the UN medium scenario changes the 2024 total by +29.5% through 2050; neither series alone identifies the separate contributions of births, deaths and migration.
2024 estimate for Mongolia. The world comparison value is 2.25 children per woman.
Mongolia vs. World
Three same-year indicators show where Mongolia differs from the world in 2024: population change is higher than the global rate, fertility is above the global figure, and median age is younger than the world benchmark.
| Indicator | Mongolia | World | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annual population change | +1.27% | +0.87% | 2024 |
| Total fertility rate | 2.6 | 2.25 | 2024 |
| Median age | 27 | 30.6 | 2024 |
All three comparison rows use 2024 values from the same harmonized country table. That table attributes its demographic series to UN World Population Prospects 2024, so no different-year values are mixed into this comparison.
Key Takeaways
The 2024 total is 3,475,540 people. Annual change in the same harmonized table is +1.27%.
Age structure is a key feature of the profile: 32.19% are under 15 and 5.14% are 65 or older.
The 2024 female and male shares are 50.1% and 49.9% respectively.
By 2050, the medium projection is 4.501M, differing from 2024 by roughly 1.03 million people.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the population of Mongolia?
The 2024 harmonized population estimate for Mongolia is 3,475,540 people.
Is the population of Mongolia growing or declining?
In the 2024 estimate, Mongolia's population is growing, with annual change of +1.27%.
What percentage of the population of Mongolia is aged 65 or older?
People aged 65 or older account for 5.14% of Mongolia's 2024 population in the UN WPP-based broad age data.
What is the projected population of Mongolia in 2050?
The UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium projection puts Mongolia's 2050 population at 4,501,493.
What is the fertility rate in Mongolia?
The 2024 harmonized fertility estimate for Mongolia is 2.6 children per woman.
Sources & methodology
This profile uses United Nations World Population Prospects 2024 as the primary framework for globally comparable population, age, fertility and projection data. The World Bank is the primary source for the female population share. Some country values were accessed through secondary retrieval interfaces that republish or organize UN data; those interfaces are identified below as secondary and are not treated as the original statistical publishers.
View sources used for this page
Primary global framework for the population estimates and projections.
Harmonized 2024 country table based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Harmonized broad age shares based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Harmonized reference for the 2000 population point.
Harmonized 2050 country projection based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Used for the 2024 female share; the male share is calculated as the remainder to 100%.