Population and Demographics of Peru
Population changed +1.1% in 2024 · median age 30 years
Age composition is uneven, with 23.97% below age 15 versus 9.23% at 65 and above; the working-age group accounts for 66.80%. By 2050, the medium path points to 40.58 million, equivalent to a +18.6% change from the 2024 estimate.
Population Over Time in Peru
Over the 24 years from 2000 to 2024, Peru added roughly 7.62 million people, leaving the 2024 total at 34.218M. For 2050, the medium projection is 40.584M. That is a difference of about 6.37 million people from the 2024 estimate. The chart connects dated reference points only and should not be read as an annual interpolated series.
Age Structure and Sex Balance
The age distribution adds important context to Peru's 2024 population total and points to a mixed profile. At 23.97%, the under-15 group is larger than the 9.23% aged 65+, while ages 15 to 64 account for 66.80%. The age balance is weighted toward younger residents.
Population by broad age group
The 2024 World Bank sex-share indicator gives Peru a female share of 50.3% and a male share of 49.7%. The split is close to even.
Female and male population share
Females made up 50.3% of the population in the World Bank's 2024 series, compared with 49.7% males.
What Is Shaping Population Change
The short-run measure for Peru is +1.10% population change in 2024, alongside fertility of 2.0, alongside a 23.97% child share and 9.23% older-adult share.
Across the historical reference points, Peru moved +28.6% from 2000 to 2024, while the medium scenario adds a +18.6% change between 2024 and 2050; no specific birth, death or migration contribution is inferred from that total.
2024 estimate for Peru. The world comparison value is 2.25 children per woman.
Peru vs. World
In 2024, Peru's annual population change, fertility and median age do not all sit on the same side of the world benchmarks: they are respectively higher than, below and close in age to the global benchmarks.
| Indicator | Peru | World | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annual population change | +1.1% | +0.87% | 2024 |
| Total fertility rate | 2 | 2.25 | 2024 |
| Median age | 30 | 30.6 | 2024 |
The comparison is intentionally narrow: each row uses the 2024 country table and its matching world value rather than mixing sources or observation years.
Key Takeaways
Peru has 34,217,848 people in the 2024 estimate, with the population changing +1.10% over the year.
Broad age shares show 9.23% aged 65+ compared with 23.97% under 15; the 15 to 64 group accounts for 66.80%.
The 2024 female and male shares are 50.3% and 49.7% respectively.
The 2050 medium projection is 40.584M, 18.6% above the 2024 estimate.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the population of Peru?
The 2024 harmonized population estimate for Peru is 34,217,848 people.
Is the population of Peru growing or declining?
In the 2024 estimate, Peru's population is growing, with annual change of +1.10%.
What percentage of the population of Peru is aged 65 or older?
People aged 65 or older account for 9.23% of Peru's 2024 population in the UN WPP-based broad age data.
What is the projected population of Peru in 2050?
The UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium projection puts Peru's 2050 population at 40,583,876.
What is the fertility rate in Peru?
The 2024 harmonized fertility estimate for Peru is 2 children per woman.
Sources & methodology
This profile uses United Nations World Population Prospects 2024 as the primary framework for globally comparable population, age, fertility and projection data. The World Bank is the primary source for the female population share. Some country values were accessed through secondary retrieval interfaces that republish or organize UN data; those interfaces are identified below as secondary and are not treated as the original statistical publishers.
View sources used for this page
Primary global framework for the population estimates and projections.
Harmonized 2024 country table based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Harmonized broad age shares based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Harmonized reference for the 2000 population point.
Harmonized 2050 country projection based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Used for the 2024 female share; the male share is calculated as the remainder to 100%.