Population and Demographics of Russia
Population declining at 0.43% in 2024 · 17.18% aged 65 or older
The 2024 population estimate places Russia at 144.82 million people, and its age structure leaves 65.54% of residents in the 15-to-64 group. Fertility, at 1.5 children per woman, matters alongside an age split of 17.28% under 15 and 17.18% at 65 or above. By 2050, the medium path points to 136.13 million, equivalent to a -6.0% change from the 2024 estimate.
Population Over Time in Russia
Over the 24 years from 2000 to 2024, Russia lost roughly 1.90 million people, leaving the 2024 total at 144.820M. For 2050, the medium projection is 136.133M. That is a difference of about 8.69 million people from the 2024 estimate. The chart connects dated reference points only and should not be read as an annual interpolated series.
Age Structure and Sex Balance
In 2024, Russia's age mix can be described as maturing on the broad UN age-group measures. The youngest and oldest broad age groups are relatively close at 17.28% and 17.18%, while 65.54% are 15 to 64. The youngest and oldest broad age groups are relatively close in size.
Population by broad age group
The 2024 World Bank sex-share indicator gives Russia a female share of 53.6% and a male share of 46.4%. Females exceed males by 7.2 percentage points.
Female and male population share
Females made up 53.6% of the population in the World Bank's 2024 series, compared with 46.4% males.
What Is Shaping Population Change
Fertility is 1.5 in Russia, while annual population change is -0.43% in 2024, against an age structure of 17.28% under 15, 65.54% aged 15 to 64 and 17.18% at 65-plus.
Historical change in Russia totals -1.3% between 2000 and 2024, followed by -6.0% projected change from 2024 to 2050; the figures describe direction, not a causal split between migration and natural change.
2024 estimate for Russia. The world comparison value is 2.25 children per woman.
Russia vs. World
In 2024, Russia's annual population change, fertility and median age do not all sit on the same side of the world benchmarks: they are respectively lower than, below and older than the global benchmarks.
| Indicator | Russia | World | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annual population change | -0.43% | +0.87% | 2024 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.5 | 2.25 | 2024 |
| Median age | 40 | 30.6 | 2024 |
No national-only figure is inserted into this world comparison. The country and global values share the same 2024 table and source context.
Key Takeaways
At 144.820M, the 2024 population is paired with an annual change rate of -0.43%.
Age structure is a key feature of the profile: 17.28% are under 15 and 17.18% are 65 or older.
The 2024 female and male shares are 53.6% and 46.4% respectively.
The 2050 medium projection is 136.133M, 6.0% below the 2024 estimate.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the population of Russia?
The 2024 harmonized population estimate for Russia is 144,820,423 people.
Is the population of Russia growing or declining?
In the 2024 estimate, Russia's population is declining, with annual change of -0.43%.
What percentage of the population of Russia is aged 65 or older?
People aged 65 or older account for 17.18% of Russia's 2024 population in the UN WPP-based broad age data.
What is the projected population of Russia in 2050?
The UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium projection puts Russia's 2050 population at 136,132,775.
What is the fertility rate in Russia?
The 2024 harmonized fertility estimate for Russia is 1.5 children per woman.
Sources & methodology
This profile uses United Nations World Population Prospects 2024 as the primary framework for globally comparable population, age, fertility and projection data. The World Bank is the primary source for the female population share. Some country values were accessed through secondary retrieval interfaces that republish or organize UN data; those interfaces are identified below as secondary and are not treated as the original statistical publishers.
View sources used for this page
Primary global framework for the population estimates and projections.
Harmonized 2024 country table based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Harmonized broad age shares based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Harmonized reference for the 2000 population point.
Harmonized 2050 country projection based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Used for the 2024 female share; the male share is calculated as the remainder to 100%.