Population and Demographics of Slovakia
Population declining at 0.2% in 2024 · 18.54% aged 65 or older
The 2024 population estimate places Slovakia at 5.51 million people, while the 2050 medium projection reaches 4.94 million. At 1.6 children per woman, fertility adds context to a population in which 65.70% are aged 15 to 64.
Population Over Time in Slovakia
Over the 24 years from 2000 to 2024, Slovakia added roughly 0.13 million people, leaving the 2024 total at 5.507M. The central 2050 projection is 4.936M, implying a -10.4% change from 2024 if that path is realized. The chart connects dated reference points only and should not be read as an annual interpolated series.
Age Structure and Sex Balance
In 2024, Slovakia's age mix can be described as maturing on the broad UN age-group measures. The youngest and oldest broad age groups are relatively close at 15.76% and 18.54%, while 65.70% are 15 to 64. The youngest and oldest broad age groups are relatively close in size.
Population by broad age group
The 2024 World Bank sex-share indicator gives Slovakia a female share of 51.2% and a male share of 48.8%. Females exceed males by 2.4 percentage points.
Female and male population share
Females made up 51.2% of the population in the World Bank's 2024 series, compared with 48.8% males.
What Is Shaping Population Change
Fertility is 1.6 in Slovakia, while annual population change is -0.20% in 2024, with the youngest broad age group at 15.76% and the oldest at 18.54%.
Historical change in Slovakia totals +2.4% between 2000 and 2024, and the medium outlook then points -10.4% from 2024 to 2050; explaining that movement requires component data beyond these headline indicators.
2024 estimate for Slovakia. The world comparison value is 2.25 children per woman.
Slovakia vs. World
Slovakia's demographic position looks different depending on the measure: annual change is lower than the world rate, fertility is below it, and its population is older than the global median-age profile.
| Indicator | Slovakia | World | Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Annual population change | -0.2% | +0.87% | 2024 |
| Total fertility rate | 1.6 | 2.25 | 2024 |
| Median age | 42 | 30.6 | 2024 |
The table is built for like-for-like comparison, using 2024 values from a single harmonized source context linked to UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Key Takeaways
The 2024 total is 5,506,760 people. Annual change in the same harmonized table is -0.20%.
The 2024 age structure is 15.76% under 15, 65.70% aged 15 to 64 and 18.54% aged 65 or older.
The World Bank 2024 sex-share series is 51.2% female and 48.8% male.
By 2050, the medium projection is 4.936M, differing from 2024 by roughly 0.57 million people.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the population of Slovakia?
The 2024 harmonized population estimate for Slovakia is 5,506,760 people.
Is the population of Slovakia growing or declining?
In the 2024 estimate, Slovakia's population is declining, with annual change of -0.20%.
What percentage of the population of Slovakia is aged 65 or older?
People aged 65 or older account for 18.54% of Slovakia's 2024 population in the UN WPP-based broad age data.
What is the projected population of Slovakia in 2050?
The UN World Population Prospects 2024 medium projection puts Slovakia's 2050 population at 4,936,488.
What is the fertility rate in Slovakia?
The 2024 harmonized fertility estimate for Slovakia is 1.6 children per woman.
Sources & methodology
This profile uses United Nations World Population Prospects 2024 as the primary framework for globally comparable population, age, fertility and projection data. The World Bank is the primary source for the female population share. Some country values were accessed through secondary retrieval interfaces that republish or organize UN data; those interfaces are identified below as secondary and are not treated as the original statistical publishers.
View sources used for this page
Primary global framework for the population estimates and projections.
Harmonized 2024 country table based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Harmonized broad age shares based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Harmonized reference for the 2000 population point.
Harmonized 2050 country projection based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Used for the 2024 female share; the male share is calculated as the remainder to 100%.